Is the ministry of education in China a reliable source?
Why wouldn’t be a reliable source on education in China?
Really?
Really
Is the US Census Bureau a reliable source?
I’m going to go with yes. 97% isn’t an unreasonable literacy rate for a country, being similar to those of Greece, the Philippines, Turkey, and Chile. It would also make sense given the emphasis that has been put on education
Forgive me for being sceptical. I’ve worked with a lot of Chinese researchers who have said outright that I should never cite a paper from China unless it’s published in nature or I know the authors personally (because it’s so often falsified).
Fwiw the same stats (or similar ones) are corroborated by other sources
There is no way US literacy in the 1950s was anywhere near 90% unless you excluded marginalized and minority populations.